During hot weather, it is essential to pay attention to certain foods, such as chicken, liver, cream, eggs, and rice. One of the health issues that rises significantly in warmer temperatures is food poisoning. Microorganisms thrive in improperly stored foods, leading to potential poisoning. Assist. Prof. Öncü Akgül, a faculty member of the ISU Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, discussed important considerations regarding food safety.
Food poisoning is one of the most common health problems during summer, with rising temperatures posing risks, especially for certain foods. As a result, reports of food poisoning complaints have also increased. What precautions should be taken with foods in summer? Which foods are the most hazardous? When should a doctor be consulted regarding food poisoning?
Assist. Prof. Akgül explains the reasons for the surge in food poisoning cases during the summer months:
Temperature is a Crucial Factor for the Growth and Reproduction of Many Microorganisms
“Specifically, microorganisms that can infect humans require certain temperature ranges to multiply effectively. They thrive best within these temperature ranges. Additionally, specific temperatures can activate certain genes, such as toxin-producing genes, in microorganisms, thereby increasing the severity of illnesses they can cause. The summer months provide the warmth necessary for these infectious agents to flourish. Consequently, in hot weather, microorganisms on food have an optimal environment to feed and sustain their metabolic activities. Moreover, food kept under unsuitable conditions can spoil, releasing byproducts that microorganisms can utilize more efficiently. As a result, microorganisms that find a conducive environment increase in number and can lead to infections through contaminated food."
Risks of Repeatedly Heated Foods
Akgül warns that all foods prepared and stored in unsuitable conditions can lead to food poisoning. "Foods that are stored outside of refrigerators, inadequately cleaned, prepared without adhering to hygiene standards, not consumed promptly, and heated multiple times pose a risk for the presence and reproduction of microorganisms," says Assist. Prof. Öncü Akgül from the Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology.
Avoid Products Not Stored in Cold Environments During Summer
Akgül emphasizes the importance of being cautious with certain foods in hot weather. "During the summer months, it is crucial to be particularly careful when consuming meat products like chicken and liver, as well as dairy items such as cream and eggs, and rice dishes that have been reheated. If possible, avoid products that are sold outdoors, have been left out for an extended period, or are not stored in refrigerated environments. Prepared meals should be consumed as soon as possible."
Symptoms of Food Poisoning: Nausea, Diarrhea, Vomiting
How can we identify food poisoning? Akgül explains, "Food poisoning typically presents with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea." He adds, "Sometimes, all symptoms occur simultaneously, while at other times, only one may appear. Additional symptoms can include abdominal swelling, gas, cramps, and pain. Diarrhea is characterized by watery or shapeless stools occurring at least three times a day, depending on the microorganism in the consumed food, and symptoms can manifest within a few hours to a few days."
Increased Caution for Infants, Young Children, and the Elderly
Akgül advises on when to consult a doctor. "Diarrhea caused by food poisoning is often self-limiting, typically resolving within a few days to a week. However, it is essential to seek medical attention if diarrhea contains blood or mucus, or if there are difficulties in fluid intake due to severe fluid loss. Greater caution should be exercised with infants, young children, and the elderly. Individuals with underlying conditions such as cancer, diabetes, or compromised immune systems should consult a doctor if symptoms worsen."
Consult a Doctor if Experiencing Severe Diarrhea and Dehydration
Akgül adds, "Most cases of food poisoning resolve on their own. However, it is critical to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. Therefore, it is important to stay hydrated and maintain a balance of salt and sugar. Individuals who are unable to maintain fluid intake and are experiencing severe diarrhea should definitely seek medical advice." In some cases, a doctor may deem it necessary to initiate medication or supportive treatment.